In evaluating the benefits of investing in commercial construction, you will probably be interested in the average cost of construction. This cost varies given a number of different factors and should be considered highly variable in time and place.

• Identification

The average cost of commercial construction will be the average cost of an entrepreneur’s experience when building a commercial property. The general contractor will usually appoint a third party to arrive at an estimate of the expense. The average costs will depend on the region or city, the materials used, the type of structure being built as well as the market forces during the project.

• Trending since the 1980’s

In the 1980’s, the average cost of commercial construction was often more expensive than current figures in 2010. One of the main reasons for this decline is the decreased value of steel. Increases in the cost of living may have made the job more expensive, but at the same time, technological advances have made the dollar work more efficiently spent. In the early 1990’s, some estimates suggest that the average cost per square foot may have fallen as much as $ 30.

• Considerations

The average cost of construction relates to the location. According to a 2009 report by architectural firm EV Studio, a one-story commercial building in New York costs almost $ 100 more per square foot than it does in Cleveland (compared to $ 215.03 $ 162, 19). The report not only describes these city-based stats, but also their variations according to the type of business structure. Convenience stores are much cheaper than building one floor per square foot, while fast food restaurants cost significantly more.

Having a pool inside or in the garden of home is clearly an addition for the quality of life of its inhabitants. If you decide to take the step and commission its construction, you will first have to have a municipal license that allows the works and for which you have to pay about 1,000 euros on average. Once this is achieved, it is time to calculate the budget. Not only have to count the installation of the pool, but also the annual maintenance.

The first thing to keep in mind is the place where you are going to be located, space and depth. When calculating costs it is essential to add the extras. The most economical option is to install an aluminum ladder. You can also add interior stairs or work adjoining the pool. Another of the accessories that cannot miss are the showers. The solar and hot water for being one of the possibilities of best price.

A basic element in the elaboration of the budget is the one of the purifier. There are two alternatives, the one of a common purifier or that of a saline chlorination device. Although this device supposes an extra cost to pay at the beginning, its maintenance is more economical. In addition, saline chlorination is healthier for the skin than chemical chlorines.

With this, we obtain that the basic price to be paid for the construction of a pool can mean an initial minimum outlay of about 9,000 euros without VAT (for a model of reinforced concrete with a size of 6×3 meters). This price will increase depending on the size of the pool, the lining, whether it is heated or not and the cost of the accessories we have mentioned before.

Add maintenance costs

To this must be added the costs of annual maintenance and cleaning, as well as the water and electricity consumption pumps. The average price per year of this concept would be around 600 euros, however there are measures that can help lower that budget. At reparable they offer a series of tips to better conserve our pool while saving money.

Among them, enumerate advantages like placing a cover; Use an automatic cleaner, install a tank that takes advantage of rainwater and do not empty it during the time of inactivity. To save on electricity, they propose the use of efficient pumps, installing a timer and using LEDs for lighting instead of traditional lamps.

The image of this activity leads us naturally to that of the architect.

Professional able to design and develop plans, from those of a simple house to the plans of the towers of the defense or those of the factories or museums, this approach reveals only a small part of the activities of this sector.

Around this man or woman of art, holder of a title sanctioning higher education and recognized by the government (Architect DPLG) we observe the work of many specialists who put their knowledge at the service of all facets of these activities:

• the urbanism that shapes the cities of today,
• the environment that we now want to ensure at all costs the safeguarding,
• the knowledge and the use of new materials whose qualities increase the comfort of buildings

Without being exhaustive, it is useful to add that the architecture takes into account the specific needs that exist at the level of industrial, commercial constructions, at the level of the constructions of leisure centers, at the level of the hospitals, the shopping centers, the marinas like ski resorts.

This limited enumeration demonstrates the links of architecture with the construction sector that executes and realizes projects.

• IT in this sector – as in others, is causing profound changes in project design.
• 3 D software – creation of images, interior decorations, modeling software for flows.

• Detective

Get ready to walk and investigate a lot, just like a detective, study the target. Put yourself in the position of your consumer and analyze every detail!

Visit the property in the morning, afternoon and evening; during the day the place can be very busy.

• Customer flow

Choose locations with large flow of customers and vehicles, this will allow a great visibility of the facade of the establishment.

Often the purchase is decided on impulse, so look for great visibility.

• Competition:

Look for points that have neighbors businesses that complement yours, such as a clothing store next to a footwear store.

Do not fear the competition, neighbors in the same area can be very beneficial, after all, together you will attract a much larger number of customers.

• Customer profile:

It is not enough to have a large flow of people, it is necessary that the point concentrates the largest number of potential customers, for this it is necessary to know the profile of your ideal client, their habits and needs.

• Installations:

In addition to basic facilities in good condition, it is important that the chosen location has all the facilities necessary for your business and comfort for the client. An alternative to the initial investment difficulty is to opt for a modular construction, in which it will be much easier and less burdensome to expand the facility in the future. (Learn more about Construction’s Modular Construction).

• Differentials:

Innovate, run away from the ordinary, successful entrepreneurs are adopting the concept “Open Space “in their works, with ample cooperative spaces. (Learn more about the Open Space concept of Construction).

Fix a large hole in a wall of lath and plaster. Purchase and collect all materials. To fix a lath and plaster wall need to fill a compound plaster surfaces, a trowel or shovel and a large sandpaper.

Eliminates loose plaster pieces. You must remove all affected areas, making sure not to extend the damage. Carefully removed any piece of loose or cracked plaster until the material remaining around the damaged area is safe.

Screw any loose lath to studs underneath there. You must use drywall screws, but if the bar is broken, adds wide and thin washers when you’re screwing.

If any of the slats is so damaged that it cannot hold the plaster, you’ll have to replace it.

Applying plaster filling compound into the hole. This is the base layer, so the surface of the filler should be slightly below the wall, and need not be smooth. Let this coat dry a little, until the surface to become slightly firm, but not hard.

The consistency of this layer of filling plaster should remind the peanut butter.

Apply a second coat with the trowel. This layer should be adhered to the first, but the goal now is to get the surface is smooth and flush with the wall.

This layer of filling compound should be slightly thinner than the previous one. In this way, you can smooth the surface more easily, using the trowel.

Let the compound dry completely. Get a completely smooth surface with plain it takes practice, so do not be discouraged if you need to use sandpaper on your first try.

Replicates the texture of the wall, if it is textured finish. Getting the same wall texture can be very difficult, because this type of finishing is usually done with a paint compressor. To give texture to the surface, wet a stiff bristle brush plaster and pass on the compound of dry filler. If necessary, once the plaster settles slightly passes to smooth plain areas protruding.

Prepare and paint the surface of the hole repaired. Always use a good base paint to prepare the plaster walls, since it will serve as a protective layer and not have to spend money on the paint finish.

The walls may suffer different types of damage, from small holes and cracks and breaks up large holes. Each specific problem has a different solution, whose difficulty will depend largely on the severity of the damage. This guide will show several different repair imperfections and holes in the wall solutions.

Buy putty and a small spatula if you think repair a small hole. The very small holes are often caused by drilling using nails and screws, and can be repaired quickly and easily with putty.

There is a wide variety of fillers on the market. Normally it is advisable to buy non-shrink caulk to prevent open space between the wall and the filling compound.

Small cracks in the frames and the wall or ceiling can be filled with joint compound, but it’s probably easier to use paint sealant, a product you can find in any hardware store. Simply apply a drop of paint sealer along the crack and smooth it gently with a wet finger.

Spread a small amount of putty over the hole with the spatula. Do not apply too much putty on the spatula. Although it depends on the size of the hole, it is usually only necessary to use an amount of caulk the size of a marble.

Put the putty with a spatula. The goal is to make the joint between the wall and filled the gap resulting continuous as possible. Using a damp cloth, clean off any mastic that may remain on the wall around the hole.

If the filler putty has been irregular, you can start again with a little more than putty in the spatula.

Let the putty dry and then paint the area filled if necessary. Sometimes, if the hole is very small and the color of the wall clear enough, do not need to touch up the paint.

Fixing a hole the size of a golf ball on the wall

Purchase and has all the tools and materials needed. To plug a hole the size of a golf ball, you’ll need a patch or tape for plasterboard, a small amount of sealing compound, a flat and sandpaper grit 120 .

Place a patch or drywall tape over the hole. A piece of tape impregnated plaster plates in water is cheaper, but patches adhere better, they are thinner and are smoother.

The drywall patches are sold in different sizes, and you can find them at any home improvement store. These patches are manufactured specifically to plug holes, so stick to the wall creating a good surface that can easily be covered with joint compound.

The holes the size of a golf ball can also be covered with a cap that well or tape adjustment.

Any lump or wrinkle to appear in the patch can be flattened with sealing compound.

Apply joint compound over the patch. Use the trowel to apply it on the wall and smooth it.

The mastic is usually on a small rectangular box about 10 x 30.5 cm (4 x 12 inches). If you think working with sheetrock frequently in the future, it may be a good idea to buy one of these boxes. If you only plan to do a point repair, do not waste money.

Let the putty dry. This will take at least 24 hours. Once it is dry, until you see no difference in level between the patch and the wall.

Paint the patch of the same color as the rest of the wall. Be sure to remove all dust that has formed in the area sanded before painting.

If the patch is small, you will not have to paint, although it is advisable to do so to add a harder layer to the repaired area.

Purchase and collect all the necessary materials. To fix a large hole in a wall, you will need a piece of drywall, joint tape, joint compound, a trowel, sandpaper, a saw for plasterboard and box cutter.

You will find all these items in most large DIY stores.

Since it is likely that only need a piece of plasterboard a few square feet, find in your home or at a friend for a loose piece to avoid having to buy a whole plate of plaster in a DIY store. In any case, make sure that the piece of drywall you use are the same thickness as the plasterboard wall you go to repair.

Cut the damaged area of the gypsum board. To fix a large hole, you must cut a piece of wall on each side of the hole. In this way, you can attach a new piece of drywall.

Cut along the damaged hole with a drywall saw and removes leftover pieces’ contour. Then make a cut with a cutter in the center of the crossbar. In this way, you can attach the new piece of drywall the crossbar.

Cut another piece of drywall the size of the hole you’ve done. This may require some time if the shape of the hole is strange. The piece screwed to the crosspiece on both sides, placing a screw each 15 cm (6 inches).

Use the utility knife to make small adjustments and attach the piece of plate to the size of the hole. The drywall saw is better to make less precise cuts.

Apply a thin layer of joint compound on the union between the hole and the wall. This will create a layer composite surface on which the tape can stick together.

Place the tape drywall on all around the hole. You must press the tape to smooth the putty completely over and scrape off excess putty with a spatula or trowel.

The drywall tape is sold dried, but you must soak it in water before sticking it on the wall.

The tape may be of any length, and when two pieces stick together, should overlap about 2.5 cm (1 inch).

Apply putty or joint compound to form a line along the tape used line. You can leave it dry and apply a second coat to cover the tape immediately.

Let dry overnight. Once the putty is completely dry, you can apply a third coat if you think there is rough or uneven areas.

Tries to mimic the texture of the wall if necessary. When filling, or plugging holes, one of the main problems is to get a texture like that of the wall. The texture can be difficult to imitate because it is usually achieved with a compressor. You can do the hack using a stiff bristle brush to give texture to the filling hole, dipping the brush in plaster and then passing over the hole filled and dry. If necessary, you nod once added a little plaster, you can spend the shovel or trowel to smooth over protruding areas.

Prepare and paint the surface of the hollow repaired so that does not clash with the rest of the wall. In the case of large areas, such as entire walls of plasterboard and rooms, it is advisable to prepare well the surface to get a result durable and uniform. Properly prepare the surface also help you save money on the paint finish.

Checks for cables. If the gap is close to an electrical current or telephone line, be sure to check inside to avoid colliding with any cable while working. Spend your hands around the hole or check out within this shining with a flashlight.

• If you find a cable remembers where it is located and works carefully about this when mend the hole.

Cut a rectangle. Use a ruler and a level to measure and draw a rectangle around the perimeter of the hole, then cut it with a knife or a drywall saw. This allows you to carefully fill the gap with a piece of drywall the size indicated, instead of making an irregular filling.

Put the support boards. Cut the boards support around 10 larger than the size of the gap centimeters. The first support lines up vertically along the left edge of the hole. Use one hand to hold it tightly in place while using a drill to insert two screws through the panel intact just below the hole, and two screws through the panel just above the hole. Follow the same technique to install the other backer board along the right edge of the hole.

• Pine stands or other softwood serve well enough to repair drywall by how easy it is within these.
• Be sure to hold the tables so that the screws do not scrape or sting when they come out on the other side of the tables.

Place a patch drywall. It measures the panel thickness and panel purchase a piece large enough to cover the gap. Using a drywall saw, cut a piece of panel per the size of the hole so that it fits perfectly in space. Place the panel part in the hole and to support boards on both sides, leaving a gap of 12 centimeters between the screws.

• Many stores tools and household items sold loose pieces of plaster panel of different shapes and sizes. Find a large enough to cover the hole in your wall and do not have to buy a full plate, whose size is probably much more than you need.

Place a tape in the joints. Daubs a joint knife with the compound and pass on the joints (where the edges of the piece placed together and the wall). Paper tape quickly placed in joints and taping knife with a smooth it, making sure that no parts or packages encompassed. Apply a second coat of joint compound and let dry.

• You can add a little water to the compound so that it is not very thick; in this way, it will be easier to spread on the wall resulting in a more even finish.
• Be sure to remove the excess compound to the transition between the attached piece and the wall is as smooth as possible. Taping knife goes in one direction.
• Place the tape evenly can be difficult. It is better to peel it off and place it again if the hit twisted as this step is important so that in the end there placed the bond between the piece and the rest of the wall being noticed.

Sandpaper the repaired area and applies another layer of compound. Once the first layers are dry, smooths the edges with fine grain sandpaper. Fill in the blanks and parts that are not uniform applying another thin layer of compound; dried and continuous sanding and adding more compound until the surface is smooth partner.

• Wait at least 24 hours between each sanded. The compound must be completely dry, otherwise, could create more brands and holes instead of the surface is uniform.

Apply a primer and paint the repaired area. After the final sanding, use a primer to prepare the area before painting. Once the primer is dry, paint the area with the same brush or applicator paint used to paint the wall first.